The Ram's Horn Newspaper Launched by Willis Hodges

Willis Hodges launched The Ram's Horn in New York City after the New York Sun refused to print his letter opposing Black disenfranchisement unless he paid advertising rates. The paper — whose motto was 'We are men and brothers' — ran for about two years and published an early contribution by John Brown outlining guerrilla resistance to slavery. It exemplified Black press determination in the face of white media exclusion.