Elaine Massacre: Hundreds of Black Sharecroppers Killed in Arkansas

After Black sharecroppers in Elaine, Arkansas organized a union to negotiate cotton prices, white mobs and federal troops attacked the community, killing an estimated 100 to 200 Black men, women, and children. Twelve Black men were sentenced to death and more than 100 imprisoned. The NAACP led successful legal appeals that eventually freed all the condemned, in Moore v. Dempsey (1923).