Marcus Garvey Builds UNIA into Mass Movement

By 1919 Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association had grown into the largest mass Black organization in American history, with chapters across the United States, Caribbean, and Africa. Garvey combined Black nationalist ideology, Pan-Africanist vision, and entrepreneurial organizing in a way that resonated with hundreds of thousands of working-class Black people, particularly recent migrants and WWI veterans.