Marcus Garvey Pardoned and Deported, Ending U.S. Movement

In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge commuted Marcus Garvey's mail fraud sentence, and Garvey was immediately deported to Jamaica, where he had been born. His deportation effectively ended the American phase of the UNIA mass movement, which at its peak had enrolled hundreds of thousands of Black people across the United States and diaspora. Garvey's ideas of Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism continued to influence subsequent generations of Black liberation thinkers.