Person · 1887–1940

Marcus Garvey

The Jamaican-born organizer whose UNIA built the largest Black mass movement in history around pride and self-determination.

A forerunner of [[black-power]] and Pan-Africanism.

Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association drew millions with a message of Black pride, economic independence, and "Africa for the Africans." Though his Black Star Line steamship venture collapsed and he was deported, his ideas profoundly shaped later Black nationalism, including Malcolm X and the black-power movement.

Black Power Political Leadership

On the timeline

August 1920
Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
Garvey's movement for Black pride and self-determination draws millions worldwide.

Resources

Videos·1

Political Thought in the Harlem Renaissance, Crash Course #27

CrashCourse

Speeches·1

Speech· Primary

Marcus Garvey's Address to the Second UNIA Convention (1921)

Garvey in his own words on Black pride and self-determination.

Websites·1

Marcus Garvey (1887–1940), biography

The founder of the UNIA and Black nationalist leader.

The web

Connections to other moments, systems, and investigations, the links rarely drawn together.

inspired·Person
Malcolm X
Garvey's Black nationalism shaped Malcolm X, whose father was a Garveyite organizer.