Toussaint Louverture Controls Most of Saint-Domingue — Terror Spreads Among US Slaveholders

By 1798, Toussaint Louverture controlled most of Saint-Domingue and had signed treaties with Britain and the United States. American merchants traded with his government; John Adams's administration supplied arms and food. Southern slaveholders, led by South Carolina's delegation, blocked further cooperation and pressured the Adams administration to distance itself from the Black republic in formation. The fear that Haiti's revolution would inspire American enslaved people shaped US domestic and