Oppressionc. 1890
Black Congressional Representation Eliminated from South by 1901
At the peak of Reconstruction, over a dozen Black men served in Congress simultaneously. Through a combination of gerrymandering, violence, fraud, and disfranchisement amendments, Southern states systematically eliminated Black Congressional representation. By 1891, only one Black Congressman remained; after George Henry White's departure in 1901, Congress contained no Black members for 28 years.