Post-9/11 Immigration Enforcement Disproportionately Detains Black Immigrants

The creation of ICE and DHS in 2002–2003 accelerated deportations that fell heavily on Black immigrants from Haiti, Jamaica, Nigeria, and Somalia. Haitian asylum seekers were detained at Krome Detention Center in Florida at higher rates and for longer periods than other nationalities. A 2003 National Immigration Law Center report found Black immigrants faced harsher parole denial and immigration bond rates in immigration court than non-Black immigrants with comparable cases.