New Negro Movement Rejects Accommodation, Demands Full Citizenship Rights

The 'New Negro' political and cultural concept emerged in the mid-1910s, crystallized by the Red Summer of 1919 and the Great Migration. Unlike the accommodationist model associated with Booker T. Washington, the New Negro demanded full and immediate civil and political rights, embraced armed self-defense, and articulated Black pride. The term appeared in The Messenger, Negro World, and The Crisis.