Niagara Movement Declares 'We Will Not Be Satisfied With Less Than Our Full Manhood Rights'

The Niagara Movement's Declaration of Principles, drafted by W.E.B. Du Bois, demanded universal suffrage, civil liberty, economic opportunity, education, and the end of caste distinctions: 'We will not be satisfied to take one jot or tittle less than our full manhood rights.' The Declaration directly challenged Washington's philosophy and provided ideological grounding for the NAACP's program.