Niagara Movement Founded to Challenge Booker T. Washington's Accommodationism

W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter founded the Niagara Movement near Niagara Falls, explicitly rejecting Washington's accommodationist platform. The Movement demanded immediate civil and political rights, unrestricted voting, and equal treatment. Though short-lived (1905-1910), it directly preceded the NAACP and established the ideological framework of full-rights civil rights advocacy.