Robert F. Williams Organizes Armed Self-Defense in Monroe NC

Robert F. Williams, NAACP chapter president in Monroe, North Carolina, organizes a rifle club after the Klan parades through Black neighborhoods with impunity. When Klansmen attack the home of a Black doctor, Williams and armed Black men repel them. The NAACP suspends Williams for advocating self-defense. He argues that 'meeting violence with violence' is legitimate when government offers no protection. His 1962 book 'Negroes with Guns' and his exile to Cuba influence Malcolm X and the Black Power movement.