Civil Rights Groups Document School-to-Prison Pipeline Targeting Black Students

The Advancement Project's 2005 report 'Education on Lockdown' documented that Black students nationally were suspended and expelled at two to three times the rate of white students for comparable behavior. School resource officers — police stationed in schools — arrested Black students at disproportionate rates for school code violations. Zero-tolerance policies adopted in the late 1990s were shown to feed students, disproportionately Black and with disabilities, directly into the juvenile justi