Also American

Driving force

Racial Capitalism (Profit)

The pursuit of profit as the engine of slavery, sharecropping, and prison labor.

On the timeline

  1. March 3, 1865
    The Freedman's Savings Bank is chartered

    Congress charters the Freedman's Savings & Trust to help formerly enslaved people build wealth; tens of thousands open accounts.

Resources

Article· 2014
The Case for Reparations
Ta-Nehisi Coates

A landmark essay connecting slavery, redlining, and the wealth gap.

Book· 2014
The Half Has Never Been Told
Edward E. Baptist

Slavery and the making of American capitalism.

The Rise of Cotton — Crash Course Black American History #13
CrashCourse
Article
American Capitalism Is Brutal. You Can Trace That to the Plantation.
Matthew Desmond

How plantation accounting shaped modern American capitalism.

Article
The Barbaric History of Sugar in America
Khalil Gibran Muhammad

How Louisiana sugar slavery connects to the modern American diet.

Research
The Color of Debt: How Collection Suits Squeeze Black Neighborhoods
Paul Kiel & Annie Waldman

Debt-collection judgments concentrate in Black neighborhoods even at the same income.

Article
The Great Land Robbery
Vann R. Newkirk II

How federal policy stripped a million Black families of millions of acres.

Podcast
The Hidden History of Race and the Tax Code
Dorothy Brown

How race is woven through the U.S. tax system.

Article
Their Family Bought Land One Generation After Slavery — and Spent Eight Years in Jail for Refusing to Leave It
Lizzie Presser

Heirs' property — the legal mechanism behind a staggering loss of Black-owned land.

Documentary
Tulsa: The Fire and the Forgotten
DeNeen Brown

Mass-grave searches and the present-day reparations fight over the 1921 massacre.

Article
The Struggle for Land, Reparations, and Belonging in California
Adam Mahoney

California's pivot from cash reparations to Black landownership and climate justice.

The web

Connections to other moments, systems, and investigations — the links rarely drawn together.

  • profited from·Thread
    Convict Leasing & Debt Peonage

    After emancipation, the same profit motive re-enslaved Black men through the courts.

  • enabled (incoming)·Thread
    The Transatlantic Slave Trade

    The Atlantic trade financed the merchants, banks, insurers, and ports of a rising capitalist economy on both sides of the ocean.

  • connects to (incoming)·Thread
    Greed — The Root

    Racial capitalism is greed institutionalized — an economy that assigns value, and extracts it, by race.

  • enabled·Thread
    Chattel Slavery

    Slavery was, above all, an engine of profit.

  • documented by (incoming)·Article
    The Tulsa Race Massacre

    Greenwood's destruction shows how Black wealth was violently targeted.