1700s
1700–1799Chattel slavery hardens even as revolution promises liberty.
Zoom in — decades
Key events
- September 1773Phillis Wheatley publishes her Poems
Phillis Wheatley becomes the first African American to publish a book of poetry, refuting claims about Black intellect.
- 1792Benjamin Banneker's Almanac
The self-taught astronomer and mathematician publishes his almanac and challenges Thomas Jefferson on racial equality.
- July 29, 1794Richard Allen founds Mother Bethel
A cornerstone of independent Black religious and civic life in America.
- August 25, 1746· debatedLucy Terry composes "Bars Fight"
The earliest known work of literature by an African American.