1808

Reverend Thomas Paul traveled to New York City and helped a group of Black Baptists organize the Abyssinian Baptist Church in 1808, one of the oldest and most historically significant Black churches in America. The church would go on to become a major center of Black civic and religious life, eventually led by the prominent congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. in the twentieth century.

On January 1, 1808, the federal law banning the importation of enslaved people from Africa took effect, as permitted by the Constitution after 1808. The ban had been passed by Congress in 1807. While enforcement was inconsistent and the domestic slave trade continued, the law marked an important legislative milestone. Free Black communities celebrated January 1 as a day of thanksgiving, and Black clergy delivered sermons commemorating the date.

Reverend Thomas Paul traveled to New York City and helped a group of Black Baptists organize the Abyssinian Baptist Church in 1808, one of the oldest and most historically significant Black churches in America. The church would go on to become a major center of Black civic and religious life in the twentieth century under Adam Clayton Powell Jr.

Thomas Paul Sr., a free Black minister from New Hampshire, co-founded the Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York City on July 5, 1808, after a group of Black and Ethiopian merchants objected to segregated seating in the First Baptist Church. It is one of the oldest Black Baptist churches in the United States and later became famous under Adam Clayton Powell Sr. and Jr.

John Chavis, a free Black man from North Carolina who had studied at Princeton, opened a school in Raleigh teaching both white and Black pupils — white students during the day and Black students at night. His white students included sons of prominent North Carolina families. He was the first known Black American to teach white students in the South.

Elizabeth, a Maryland-born formerly enslaved woman who had purchased her freedom, began preaching Methodist sermons around 1808, decades before women were formally licensed to preach. She traveled through the mid-Atlantic and upper South for over forty years, and her 1863 memoir is among the earliest spiritual autobiographies by a Black American woman.