1848

The Seneca Falls Convention in July 1848 addresses women's rights but struggles to center Black women's intersecting oppression. Frederick Douglass attends and speaks in favor of women's suffrage. Sojourner Truth and other Black women reformers work in overlapping abolitionist and feminist circles but face both racial exclusion within white women's organizations and gender exclusion within Black organizations.

Seventy-seven enslaved people board the schooner Pearl in Washington, D.C. — the largest recorded nonviolent escape attempt in U.S. history — before being captured.

Disguised as a white planter and his valet, the Crafts complete a 1,000-mile escape from Georgia, reaching free Philadelphia on Christmas Day.