September 1996

Shakur died six days after being shot in a drive-by attack, ending the life of one of hip-hop's most prolific and influential artists and intensifying scrutiny of the East Coast–West Coast rap rivalry.

Tupac Shakur was shot September 7, 1996 in Las Vegas and died September 13. Christopher Wallace (Biggie Smalls/Notorious B.I.G.) was killed in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997. Both murders remain officially unsolved. Their deaths marked the peak of the East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry. Both artists were major cultural voices addressing police brutality, poverty, and Black urban experience in their work.

Tupac Shakur was shot September 7, 1996 in Las Vegas and died September 13. Christopher Wallace (Biggie Smalls) was killed in Los Angeles on March 9, 1997. Both murders remain officially unsolved. Both artists were major voices documenting police brutality, poverty, and Black urban life in their work.

The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 vastly expanded grounds for deportation including for lawful permanent residents convicted of crimes. Black immigrants from Caribbean nations including Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad were disproportionately affected given intersecting racial profiling in drug enforcement. The Act eliminated most judicial discretion in deportation cases and created mandatory detention for broad categories of non-citizens.

The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act vastly expanded deportation grounds for lawful permanent residents convicted of crimes. Black immigrants from Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad were disproportionately affected due to racial profiling in drug enforcement. The Act eliminated most judicial discretion in deportation cases and created mandatory detention for broad categories of non-citizens.