July 1905

W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter founded the Niagara Movement at a meeting near Niagara Falls, Canada (denied accommodations in the US), explicitly rejecting Booker T. Washington's accommodationist platform of accepting segregation and limiting Black ambitions to vocational training. The Movement demanded immediate civil and political rights, unrestricted voting, and equal treatment before the law. Though short-lived (1905-1910), it directly preceded the NAACP and established the ideological framework of full-rights civil rights advocacy.

W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter founded the Niagara Movement near Niagara Falls, explicitly rejecting Washington's accommodationist platform. The Movement demanded immediate civil and political rights, unrestricted voting, and equal treatment. Though short-lived (1905-1910), it directly preceded the NAACP and established the ideological framework of full-rights civil rights advocacy.

Du Bois and others launch a militant demand for full civil rights, a forerunner of the NAACP.